THE SEEMING NEW NOW REVERED AS FORGET ME NOT FASHION THOUGHT AND YARNS MADE FRESH YEW TREES FROM EMBELLISHMENTS

At each tick of a computer clock the computer is in fact totally stationary as far as its calculating functions are concerned. It is, in fact, "dead". Only between ticks does it actually "work". And here the time taken is not known, and does not enter into the picture as long as its fast enough so it can be completed before the next tick occurs.

How does the computer therefore relate to the present?

Can we consider the computer to operate according to the image of time which we have learned from physicists? Its activities may be considered to span a period of from T1 to T2. The result of the calculation depends only on the sequence of logical operations or instructions carried out and is itself totally independent of how long it might have taken to complete them.

When a computer operates in real time it harmonizes the sampling rate of input and output so as to reproduce or produce output behavior corresponding to the physical changes which it attempts to model. Its calculations merely have to be fast emough to keep up with the sampling rate.

It is not concerned with human time consciousness nor that of any other species, nor with the human experience of the present.

But when a computer performs a time-form such as emotionally expressive music or speech, its real time operations need to reflect the real-real time experience of humans. In that domain a 1% difference in the time scale will already noticeably alter meaning. A 10% change is a considerable change for the meaning of music, for example. In speech a 10% change will not change the meaning of the words but will alter the effectiveness of the emotional "overtones" which the message carries. Accordingly therefore when communicating emotional qualities to humans the computer cannot choose its own convenient scaling but must match the output to human time consciousness, or real-real time. This requirement is unnecessary when a computer prints out verbal messages or presents visual information such as emotionally expressive faces, for example, as long as those faces are not in expressive motion.

Departure from real-real time results in the emotional qualities acquiring a Mickey Mouse character. They are still recognizable as representing particular emotional qualities, but lose most of their emotional impact. To understand this better we need to consider that the emotions as transmitted by these dynamic forms, which we have called sentic forms, also contain and imply cognitive substrates . Thus, we have shown experimentally that with the feeling of love, there is an openess and guilelessness as part of the inherent biological program [11]. Even a small lie effectively blocks the experience of love at that time. Similarly, grief affects memory function: the ability to learn, and short term memory are diminished by the feeling of grief, and the consequent loss of interest in interaction with the environment. The cognitive substrates are the first to disappear when the dynamic forms are distorted [24]. Thus the Mickey Mouse characteristics imply that the emotions denoted are robbed of their cognitive substrates. But it is precisely the cognitive substrates that provide the elements of profoundity which may be experienced through really true emotional expressions and of its sequences. Thus a piece of music may seem profound not merely because it contains a sequence of emotions but because the sequence of emotions implies a series of cognitive substrates which give it a widely and deeply probing story.

In the use of computers and robots to communicate emotions to humans, one therefore has a choice to communicate merely signs a la Mickey Mouse or to represent genuine, "sincere" human expressions and emotions. The particular applications will decide which approach may be more appropriate. If it is decided to use "sincere" expressions we have then the power in real-real time to make these expressions more powerful and more convincing than the average human would tend to produce under most average conditions. We have at our fingertips the knowhow to make these expressions powerfully communicative, contagious, and seductive in the manner of the very best that any human can do. (see footnote 4) We can optimize it beyond the abilities of the average human: we can optimize it to the degree of which our most powerful art is capable. Whether we chose to do so and for what reasons and needs, surely will comprise a new branch of social ethics which badly needs to be developed.

One positive way of using the new powers opened up by this Pandora's Box opened by the findings of our research is to provide great musical performances. How this can be done we will attempt to demonstrate with a performance of the Mozart Sonata K330, which will be brought into conjunction with the best available performances on CD by great artists for the first time. That this can be done now is only the first step in an endeavor that has many further possibilities, not easy to fathom.

Appendix A

Demonstrations of the Meaning and Precision of Time Forms

A Computer Interpretation of Mozart's Piano Sonata K330, which utilizes the composer-specific hierarchic pulse principle will be heard, along with 6 other performances of the greatest recordings available on CD of this Sonata. The music panel and the audience will be asked to rate the performances, and to pick which one is the computer performance. This test will compare the real-time performane of a computer in terms of musicality with the best real-real time human efforts.

Also played will be a computer interpretation of Bach's Air on the G string, for four independent voices, employing both Predictive Amplitude Shaping, and the Hierarchic Pulse.

The purpose is to demonstrate the degree of understanding of the principles of unconscious musical thought, of musicality.

In a second presentation, emotionally expressive sounds will be presented, which were transformed from touch expressions of the same emotion, by a transform that conserves the dynamic form - to illustrate that the nature of a particular emotion expression depends on the dynamic form, and not on the output mode, ie. is largely independent of the output mode. White urban touch expressions of specific emotions transformed to sound expressions were tested on Australian Aboriginees, for additional cross-cultural validation [13] .
Appendix B

A Short Note on the Development of Consciousness

In the context of this paper some remarks on the natural development of consciousness may be permitted. Experience of emotion is not possible without consciousness. Also, sensory experience, such as red for example, has continuity in time, and stability over long time (in addition to its unique quality), which are so far difficult to ground on the discontinuous events in time and in space of the multiple neuronal events accompanying the experience. Accordingly some thoughts on how consciousness may have arisen in nature may be assayed, in view of our developing knowledge of molecular biology. As a newly evolved phenomenon, it is of such importance that it seems not unlikely that its potentiality is provided for in the laws of nature, ie. that like water, say, it appeared in the evolution of the universe not as a total surprise. Contrary to a prevelant view according to which consciousness is deemed to become possible only when complexity increases to a sufficiently high degree, i.e. that consciousness is essentially complexity- related, the author puts forward a different view of what may be required for consciousness to arise. This approach is outlined briefly here, and will be described elsewhere more fully.

In exploring such a view, one should also consider the pervasive unconscious mental functioning, dreaming, and especially the unexplored questions of the boundaries between the unconscious and the autonomic, and whether unconscious mental function predates consciousness.

  1. Content of Consciousness --- Humans are able to see, hear, smell and touch simultaneously without notable interference of one sensory experience with the other. This defines in size, and in also complexity, a minimum capacity of consciousness even without considering other mental functions.

  2. Animals, even relatively primitive animals, appear to share this capacity of consciousness with humans in that they too can simultaneously see, hear, smell, touch and so on. Moreover, many primitive animals can sense some of these variables with higher resolution than can humans. Consequently, with regard to these functions one cannot take the view that animals have a smaller capacity of consciousness. The argument that such animals have no consciousness at all and act as reflex automatons is rejected (animals clearly appear to make decisions based on their sensory experience involving many of these variables, aneasthetics are used to eliminate consciousness in these animals, etc.).

  3. One of the earliest qualities of experience developed in evolution is hunger. Experience of hunger - a remarkable "invention" of nature, replaced chemotaxis and served as a fount of knowledge for the animal concerning what to eat, when to eat, and how much to eat - all of which is encapsulated in the experiential entity, "hunger". But hunger, as well as experience of sexual attraction which also developed at an early stage, can exist and function only if there is consciousness.

  4. It is suggested therefore as plausible that consciousness itself may have developed through newly evolved genes at a relatively low stage of evolution. It would be supposed that these genes for consciousness produce certain proteins or other gene products which cause consciousness in the brain. According to this view, it is thus not complexity per se but these specific genes that would account for the emergence of consciouness in evolution. (If this is so, the capacity for being a little bit conscious would appear somewhat like a little bit pregnant.)

  As progress is being made in the human genome project it is possible that such genes for consciousness could be identified in decades to follow. As we share so may of our genes with animals we may also share such consciousness creating genes with them.

  5. In achieving consciousness through the interaction of proteins and other gene products in a totally unknown way it could be that a physical law would be invoked which is as yet unknown - a law which would in effect provide for the establishment of a Leibnitzian monad, as a result of specific molecular interaction. This kind of creation of one from many, similar to the creation of the oneness of the molecule from so many atoms (the potentiality of which preexists, predictable through the laws), and in some ways in effect reminescent of a field which at any one point automatically and necessarily summates the effects of many contributing sources in space, but obeying relationships as yet quite unknown would seem, according to this view, to be necessarily involved in the phenomenon of consciousness.

  Accordingly, machines that do not possess the gene functions for consciousness would not become conscious no matter how complex they might become.

  This does not preclude that those effective gene functions might be reproduced by an alternative molecular realisation, so that consciousness could then also be produced by a different configuration of matter than in natural evolution on this planet. But that would depend on the specific nature of the interaction and functions; it could also be that the solution realised by nature which we observe on earth is the only one possible.

ROUNDNINWTWWN YL. KLEEM KLEEM

GRAPHENE
It defines the interaction between very fast moving electrical charges and light – or electromagnetic waves - and its exact value is close to 1/137.

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Landauer-Buttiker formula. The origin of the disagreement relates to the `ideal contact' assumption implicit in the Landauer-Buttiker formula which breaks down under the novel conditions of this experiment.

Language: English 

Document Type: Research article 

Affiliations: 1: Institute for Microstructural Sciences, NRC, Ottawa, K1A 0R6, Canada 2: School of Physics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australiaatomically thin, crystallographically perfect films of graphitic carbon, known as graphenes.


lateral dimensions of the order of 100μm on silicon substrates, processed into devices such as Hall bar geometries, ultrasensitive gas sensors or suspended from metallic scaffolding for use as support films in electron microscopy applications




Graphene is a one-atom-thick planar sheet of sp2-bonded carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycomb crystal lattice. It is known to be the strongest material in the world. It can be viewed as an atomic-scale chicken wire made of carbon atoms and their bonds. The name comes from GRAPHITE + -ENE; graphite itself consists of many graphene sheets stacked together.

The carbon-carbon bond length in graphene is approximately 1.42 Å. Graphene is the basic structural element of all other graphitic materials including graphite, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes. It can also be considered as an infinitely large aromatic molecule, the limiting case of the family of flat polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons called graphenes.

"Aromatic compound" redirects here. For meanings related to odor, see aroma compound.


Aromaticity is a chemical property in which a conjugated ring of unsaturated bonds, lone pairs, or empty orbitals exhibit a stabilization stronger than would be expected by the stabilization of conjugation alone. It can also be considered a manifestation of cyclic delocalization and of resonance.[1][2][3]

This is usually considered to be because electrons are free to cycle around circular arrangements of atoms, which are alternately single- and double-bonded to one another. These bonds may be seen as a hybrid of a single bond and a double bond, each bond in the ring identical to every other. This commonly-seen model of aromatic rings, namely the idea that benzene was formed from a six-membered carbon ring with alternating single and double bonds (cyclohexatriene), was developed by Kekulé (see "History" section below). The model for benzene consists of two resonance forms, which corresponds to the double and single bonds' switching positions. Benzene is a more stable molecule than would be expected without accounting for charge delocalization.



DISTRIBUTION OF ULTRA VIOLET LIGHT – TAIL BONE INSIDE OUT ) becomes straw )) suction of ultra violet up spine..

Peristaltic pumping/ function Cranial sacral high brain JUICES ULTRA VIOLET

Deliver the jices ANY ACTIVITY WHICH DELIVERS PASSION……


PHIL MAGNETIC STABLE STANDING WAVE, STABLE SITE, HUNGRY BEES HUNFGRY FOR MAGNETISM
CALLAHAN, THE GURU OF PARAMAGNETISM

Dowsers

Ley lines meet you earth sending blood “enjoying this touch”

If magnetism goes away (underground water diasapearing/ water “vaso constricts”)

“tribal spirits being stuck in rocks “preventing magnetism from unpacking

water goes to the place where magnetism converges nondestructively

the place where magnetism becomes shareable

= “peace university project” (Phil Callahan) “measure “magnetic flux permissibvity” in the soil= “how easy fdoes magnetism pass????? In the soil = predictor for fertility and war vs peace

magnetic lines in the soil if you cant get the lines through the soil = war

MAGNETISM IS THE WIND ON WHICH LOVE TRAVELS
MAGNETIC FLUX BETWEEN VILLAGES = EMOTION BETWEEN THE VILLAGES

WHAT CAUSES IT NOT TO PASS? Lack f symmetry
Magnetism follows symmetry follows arawareness = conductivity..

ELECTRICASL SYMMETRY AROUND THE HEART

WHEN BEES CREATE A SWARM
 HONEY=OIL CONVERGENCE IN MIDDLE EAST

  WHERE DOES MAGNETISM CONVERGE NON DESTRUCTIVELY???

STABLE STANDING WAVE = SACRED SITE

DNA AND GLANDS ARE SELF ORGANIZING WHEN IT GOES TO CENTER/ WIND OF CHARGE.MAKING CENTERING FORCE…… based on physics of fusionBiolgy implosion gravity wind of charge self organizing when it goes to center centripetal implosive wheel of charge… attention physics of fusion symmetry of dna and hydrogen “implosion model”


Biology designed to light your own fire
Center attract magnetism

Bunch of people who have lost the skill to do this for themselves “to create implosion electrically inside your body” = DNA slowing down. If you leave out the bliss and passion “pony braiding” using passion to do it (the nephilim, fallen ones, can’t carry memory through death/ lose their soul. NBIRU bird/ snake middle east lost ability to make bliss and passion 

Bess saying (deperate?) any wind going through the speed of light (Yahweh as medium grade reptile) not knowing how to ENSOUL DNA

Last vestifges of MAGBETIC FIRE in the land

YOU MUST MAKE IT FROM THE INSIDE OUT

(THE bees are willing to die)


here come the lightening/ prima soup… proteins “here come the lightening “assume the position” proteins arrange themselves and get squeezed DC orientation/ enhances centripetal positive sky lightening DC polarity impressing centripetally protein codon into slinky NEW axis of symmetry in which to eat spin… called SHARING A DECAGRAM 

share spun
no share TOAST.!

The lightening of BLISS

What happens? Lightening up the spine into the lord of the ring donut and the compressed dna makes a tornado dna
Skill of creating ball lightening is the physics of ensouling dna
ABILITY TO CATCH THE LIGHTENING
SHAMAN STUFF “ how tornado eats its own tail. AS sCORPIONIC SKILL (SEE FULL MOON( IS helizx into ball lightening.

Appears to be self stering

“sucking fierld eggects through its own speed of light infinite number of different field egffects converging

field effect becomes self steering

dna slinky turning toroidal turning inside out recursively therefore able to conduct itself speed of light = soul

A NEW AXIS OF SYMMETRY IN WHICH TO EAT SPIN


The idea of using lava sand to add "paramagnetic energy" to the soil didn’t originate with Howard Garrett, the "Doctor of Dirt," although he has become it’s chief proponent. Rather, as he wrote in his column in The Dallas Morning News on September 8, 1995:

"I learned about lava sand from Phil Callahan, the scientist who taught me to add lava sand to the soil…To learn more about soil and plant energy, read any of Mr. Callahan’s books."

That seemed fair enough, so I took him up on his suggestion. I acquired the books and read them from cover to cover. And, indeed, it was both an education and an eye opener -- a foray into a world I previously believed to exist only in the realm of fable and New Age superstition.

Philip S. Callahan, Ph. D., schooled as an entomologist, was stationed in Ireland as a radio technician during World War II. He has written two books dealing specifically with his discoveries there of the seemingly magical properties of the ancient Irish round towers and of certain rocks and rock powders. Titled Nature’s Silent Music and Paramagnetism--Rediscovering Nature's Secret Force of Growth, these books are available from his publisher, Acres U.S.A. (P. O. Box 91299, Austin, TX 78709, telephone 800-355-5313, website www.acresusa.com).

Reading either of these books should be enough for any intelligent person to learn all he or she would ever need to know about Dr. Callahan, lava sand, and paramagnetism.

On the other hand, if you would like to know more about the pursuits and conclusions of Dr. Callahan before purchasing either of these books, I’ll relate for you a sampling of what he has to say. And I'll include page numbers in case you want to refer to the original texts and confirm that I am not inventing any of this and that I am not, in any manner, distorting his words.

On the other hand, if you’re a devout believer in pyramid power, the magical qualities of quartz crystals, and other New Age phenomena, you may just want to skip the rest of this.

Nature's Silent Music (1992)

In Nature's Silent Music (page 32), Dr. Callahan tells us that the ancient Hebrews and Egyptians understood and utilized the power which is in rocks. Modern Jews still do this, he says, when they visit the Wailing Wall in Jerusalem. Furthermore, while traveling around Ireland, Dr. Callahan claims to have located some magical rocks.

Presumably, he says (page 34), since long before the ancient Egyptian civilization, man has attributed mystical and supernatural powers to rocks and rock crystals. He adds that, according to his own measurements, sea-green slate is the most magical rock of all. (Curiously, this conflicts with his next statement, below, since slate is not an igneous rock. Rather, it's a metamorphic rock derived from shale and is, therefore, not of volcanic origin.)

According to Dr. Callahan (page 38), the ancient Celtic and megalithic peoples knew all about the energy emitted by granite and "other igneous and metamorphic stone of volcanic origin." He says (page 39) that the early Irish Celts also understood the healing forces in their highly paramagnetic granite rocks. All over Ireland, he continues, there are "standing stones utilized for healing and also as birthing stones for the Celtic lassies."

Where did these stones get this power? According to Dr. Callahan (page 56), the crushing and grinding forces of the drifting continents caused great quantities of cosmic energy to be trapped within the minerals that make up stone and clay. And "one of these energies is the little understood force called paramagnetism," which he says the ancients knew how to manipulate.

If you’re not familiar with the terms "paramagnetism" and "diamagnetism," they are the positive and negative aspects of an electromagnetic property described in many books used to teach elementary college physics. But Dr. Callahan refers to them as forces or energies. To comprehend what he means, he says (page 63), we must understand them as the ancients did. Of course, he repeats, modern man doesn't understand them at all, despite the fact that we have scientific names for them.

The Chinese call them yin and yang, he explains. And, although the ancient Irish had no specific names for them, they "saw them in the abodes of fairies and leprechauns." He says (page 69) he now knows that what modern science calls paramagnetism and diamagnetism are, in reality, the magical forces the ancient Celtic and megalithic peoples found in rocks and plants.

In later travels in the Far East and around the globe, Dr. Callahan became aware of other mysterious phenomena. As an example (page 118), he describes the magic of Sai Baba, an Indian mystic. Apparently, Sai Baba can materialize "sacred dust" from his fingers. And, according to Dr. Callahan, nobody has ever proved that he is practicing sleight of hand.

[As an aside, one can only wonder if this is the same Sai Baba mentioned in a music review written by Matt Weitz in the February 6, 2001 issue of The Dallas Morning News. In part, Mr. Weitz reviewed a concert given in Fort Worth by the avant garde jazz trumpeter, Maynard Ferguson, as follows.

"There followed a number of songs, most impressively a sprawling raga-based composition based on what he (Ferguson) has learned about Indian music at the ashron of his spiritual leader, Sai Baba, where he visits and teaches annually."]

Using the "theory of materialization" and Einstein's formula, Dr. Callahan goes on to explain (page 119) that Sai Baba's feat is entirely possible. Einstein's formula (E=mc²) "demands light having speeds equal to or lower than the energy," he says, and mass wouldn't exist at all "were not light traveling at speeds equal to or slower than the speed of light squared." (Check it out; I am not making this up.)

In a provocative footnote on page 120, Dr. Callahan explains that a particle moving faster than the speed of light is called a tachyon, and a message sent by such a particle would actually arrive before it was sent. He also states that he published, in 1986, the first experimental proof that tachyon particles actually exist. (One of the world's great unsolved mysteries is why Dr. Callahan has never been honored with the Nobel Prize in physics for such an amazing and historic achievement.)

On page 179, he reminds us again that the ancient Egyptians knew about both human auras and silent forces in the rocks. Therefore, he says, they had two separate hieroglyphs for stone. One represented "limestone types of rocks that are diamagnetic, or very weakly paramagnetic." The other represented "granite, porphyry, basalt and other highly paramagnetic stone."

In his own experiments (page 180), Dr. Callahan found that good fertile soil is highly paramagnetic and that viable soil always comes from volcanic rock, which he says is much more likely to be paramagnetic than sedimentary rocks, such as limestone (and, I presume, shale, which is converted into his "most magical of all rocks," sea-green slate.)

He then says (page 185) that construction engineers ought to be interested in these two forces "since concrete (limestone) and clay (adobe) are highly paramagnetic," and water is diamagnetic. (Personally, I found this statement to be a bit confusing, since he had previously described limestone, on pages 179 and 180, as being diamagnetic or weakly paramagnetic.)

In any case, he claims that both the growing of crops and the hardening of cement depend on the joining together of these "opposite yin and yang forces."

In an epilogue, Dr. Callahan says (page 194) that the most important principle he wants to impart is that we must "treat rocks, stone and even the soil as antenna collectors of magnetic energy waves." He points out that, in his opinion, the ancient Celtic round towers of Ireland are conical antennas, that rocks are antennas, and that even soil is a flat ground antenna if it contains enough volcanic, paramagnetic rock.

The other side is the diamagnetic force of the organic matter, which, he assures us, is just as important. It stores the water, but the paramagnetic forces control its evaporation.

So, how does one accomplish a balance? Dr. Callahan admits (page 195) that filling the soil with magnets wouldn't be very practical, even though, he says, magnetic energy controls root growth. On the other hand, he believes that restoring "this paramagnetic energy collector…with truck loads of volcanic gravel or ash plowed into the soil is a much more practical idea."

And Dr. Callahan believes this same approach is extremely practical for small gardeners, "as is the building of six foot miniature round towers in a garden." (I’ll swear it once more; I’m not making any of this up.)

Finally, he sums up his approach by saying, "It is much better to do all things as God intended by capturing the magnetic frequencies from the sun with the paramagnetic soil or round tower antenna. In one sentence, make your soil susceptible (resonate) to the sun, do not, with magnets, try to bring the sun to earth."

On the other hand, Dr. Callahan has recently joined forces with Nature's Alternatives to tout the mineral magnetite as a soil amendment because it is "the most paramagnetic of all rocks." This is, in effect, adding magnets to the soil, since magnetite is a permanently magnetic form of iron ore, commonly known as lodestone. As such, it is ferromagnetic and not paramagnetic at all. So maybe he has changed his mind since writing this book. But he still doesn't understand what paramagnetism is.

Paramagnetism (1995)

Much of this same information is repeated or summarized in his second book, Paramagnetism, but Dr. Callahan introduces an additional aspect when he describes (pages 80 and 81) the need for an inexpensive, hand-held meter for measuring the paramagnetism of soil samples. It turns out that he, working with others, has developed just such a device. (Surprise! Surprise!)

Dr. Callahan's meter is named the P. C. Soil Meter (PCSM), which, he explains, can be interpreted as either the "Paramagnetic Count Soil Meter" or the "Phil Callahan Soil Meter," whichever you choose. The wonderful thing, he says, is that this meter can be bought for only $400, instead of the $4,000 to $5,000 cost of other meters of this type.

If you want to buy a PCSM for your own use, or if you’re interested in the plans for building miniature round towers for your garden, I feel sure you could contact Dr. Callahan through his publisher, Acres U.S.A. Or maybe the "Doctor of Dirt" can help you.

As a final thought to ponder, on page 270 of the 1996 revision of Eco-Farm—An Acres U.S.A. Primer, written and published by Dr. Callahan’s own publisher, there is a curious, but revealing statement. "Phil Callahan," it says, "is a bug man and a generalist of sorts. We wish he were also a soils man." ‘Nuff said.

Addendum

It turns out that Phil Callahan wrote a book in 1984, which preceded the two discussed here. That book, Ancient Mysteries, Modern Visions, was previously out of print, but Acres U.S.A. reissued it in the latter part of 2000, so it's once again available.

In this earlier work, Dr. Callahan explains, with considerable "scientific" detail, his theories of paramagnetism and the round towers of Ireland, the "real" meanings of Egyptian hieroglyphics and of the pyramids, the relationship between cathedral towers and the antennae of insects, and how he "proved" that particles moving faster than the speed of light (tachyons) actually exist, using only an "electrometer" and a Benjamin ficus tree. Furthermore, he explains how ancient Egyptian priests levitated people, lists the requirements for levitation and for levitating a person or object, and explains how levitation is directly related to paramagnetism.

This book is quite entertaining and, at a cost of only $16.00, is certainly worth what amounts to the price of a couple of movie tickets.

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Robert H. Hadfield *, Gavin Burnell, Dae-Joon Kang, Chris Bell, and Mark G. Blamire
Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Superconductivity and Department of Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, CB2 3QZ Cambridge, United Kingdom 

Received 1 August 2002; revised 8 January 2003; published 24 April 2003

We report the fabrication and measurement of Corbino geometry superconductor–normal metal–superconductor Josephson junctions. A circular junction barrier is defined in a superconductor–normal metal bilayer and bias current flows through the device in the radial direction. In contrast to conventional junction geometries, the junction barrier is entirely surrounded by a superconducting loop: this implies that flux can enter the junction only as single quanta. We have observed abrupt suppression/reappearance of critical current corresponding to flux entry/annihilation events as the external magnetic field is varied. Furthermore, when the width of the superconducting film enclosing the junction is sufficiently small we observe critical current suppression/reappearance in a series of jumps, suggesting incomplete quantization of magnetic flux in a superconducting film over mesoscopic length scales. We present a theoretical simulation of device response to the approach of a single vortex. A consideration of the actual device geometry shows that screening currents in the edge of the film when an external magnetic field is applied to a bilayer strip containing the junction create an effective double-well potential for confined flux vortices trapped in the junction. Further experiments and possible applications of such devices are discussed.

Is Hall Conductance in Hall Bar Geometry a Topological Invariant?
K. Ishikawa, N. Maeda, K. Tadaki
(Submitted on 26 Sep 1994)
A deep connection between the Hall conductance in realistic situation and a topological invariant is pointed out based on von-Neumann lattice representation in which Landau level electrons have minimum spatial extensions. We show that the Hall conductance has no finite size correction in quantum Hall regime, but a coefficient of induced Chern-Simons term in QED$_3$ has a small finite size correction, although both of them are similar topological invariant.

We obtain bounds on the decay exponent lambda of the autocorrelation function in phase ordering dynamics. For non-conserved order parameter, we recover the Fisher and Huse inequality, lambda > = d/2. If the order parameter is conserved we also find lambda >= d/2 if the initial time t1 = 0. However, for t1 in the scaling regime, we obtain lambda >= d/2 + 2 for d >= 2 and lambda >= 3/2 for d=1. For the one-dimensional scalar case, this, in conjunction with previous results, implies that lambda is different for t1 = 0 and t1 >> 1. In 2-dimensions, our extensive numerical simulations for a conserved scalar order parameter show that lambda approx 3 for t1=0 and lambda approx 4 for t1 >> 1. These results contradict a recent conjecture that conservation of order parameter requires lambda = d. Quenches to and from the critical point are also discussed. (uuencoded PostScript file with figures appended at end).

yes Man I Do Red Joyce!

Ophiuchus, 1.It defines the interaction between very fast moving electrical charges and light – or electromagnetic waves - and its exact value is close to 1/137.

Free Orphic Promes Thee Flower

Before medicine became a science the role of the physician and priest were combined in many cultures, and existed in what we know today as the witch doctor, shaman, or medicine man, and the earliest snake charmers were traditional healers. Their aim was holistic healing, the healing of both mind and body. They used herbs, potions, charms, incantations, exorcism, magic, divination, and prayers, in their means to establish the cure. Aesculapius, we are told, was the first doctor of medicine with the ability to restore people to life. The name and the profession were continued in the Asclepiadae, an order of priest-physicians in Greece. Those seeking aid in healing stayed for periods of time in what was called an Asclepieion (or Asklepieion), a sanctuary or shrine dedicated to Asclepius. They slept overnight in these places where the god was said to reveal the remedies for the disease in dreams, they reported their dreams to a priest the following day who prescribed a cure. The Asklepieion at Epidaurus is traditionally regarded as the birthplace of Asclepius. Other Asklepieions were located in Athens, Cos, Pergamum, and later Rome, where his worship spread after a plague in 293 B.C.

More From PrphthiFickius

The planet Pluto could be found in Ophiuchus until the end of 2003, after which it passed into Serpens Cauda, the Serpent's Tail. TheWhen Ophiuchus, encircled by the serpent's great coils, rises he renders the forms of snakes innocuous to those born under him. They will receive snakes into the folds of their flowing robes, and will exchange kisses with these poisonous monsters and suffer no harm. [Manilius, Astronomica, 1st century AD, book 5, p.333].

  One called Ophiuchus holds apart the serpent which with its mighty spirals [gyris] and twisted body encircles his own, that so he may untie its knots and back that winds in loops. But, bending its supple neck, the serpent looks back and returns; and the other's hands slide over the loosened coils. The struggle will last for ever, since they wage it on level terms with equal powers. [Manilius, Astronomica, 1st century AD, book 1, p.31].

© Anne Wright 2008.

COME BERENICES CAPUT CAUDA DRACO VIRGINIS BETA MERC Rx.

A star chart of Ophiuchus. From Uranometria, Johann Bayer, Augsburg, 1603 AD. The black and white line passing through the legs of Ophiuchus is the Ecliptic. The hatched area at the bottom of the drawing presents the band above the Ecliptic of the 7° Planetary Zodiac as known at the time. Ophiuchus holds Serpens, the Serpent. Compared to the Classical Greek Ophiuchus two things are wrong with the figure: Ophiuchus has his back to us, and his legs extends too far below the Ecliptic. However it is a beautiful drawing!

Click on the above picture for a larger version 201 kB.

the Arrival of the Hall Bar Geometry

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